Project basic informationIssue Time：2019-10-00Total Supply：9 651 217Circulation：8 470 098White paper：<a href="https://guide.kusama.network/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://guide.kusama.network/</a>Website：<a href="https://kusama.network/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://kusama.network/</a>Block Explorer: <a href="https://kusama.polkastats.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://kusama.polkastats.io/</a>Project IntroductionKusama is a scalable network of specialized blockchains built using Substrate and nearly the same codebase as Polkadot. The network is an experimental development environment for teams who want to move fast and innovate on Kusama, or prepare for deployment on Polkadot.Kusama was founded in 2019 by Gavin Wood, founder of Polkadot and co-founder and former CTO of Ethereum.

KSM (Kusama)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2008-10-30Total Supply：21,000,000Circulation ：18,247,575White paper：<a href="https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf" rel="noreferrer">https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf</a>Website：<a href="https://bitcoin.org/zh_CN/" rel="noreferrer">https://bitcoin.org/zh_CN/</a>Block Explorer：<a href="https://www.blockchain.com/explorer" rel="noreferrer">https://www.blockchain.com/explorer</a>Project IntroductionBitcoin is a cryptocurrency and a digital payment system invented by an unknown programmer, or a group of programmers, under the name Satoshi Nakamoto.It was released as open-source software in 2009. The system is peer-to-peer, and transactions take place between users directly, without an intermediary. These transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. Since the system works without a central repository or single administrator, bitcoin is called the first decentralized digital currency. Besides being created as a reward for mining, bitcoin can be exchanged for other currencies, products, and services in legal or black markets. As of February 2015, over 100,000 merchants and vendors accepted bitcoin as payment. According to research produced by Cambridge University in 2017, there are 2.9 to 5.8 million unique users using a cryptocurrency wallet, most of them using bitcoin.

BTC (Bitcoin)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2015-07-30Total Supply：-Circulation ：118,443,751White paper：<a href="https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/#ethereum-whitepaper" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/#ethereum-whitepaper</a>Website：<a href="https://ethereum.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://ethereum.org/</a>Block Explorer：<a href="https://www.blockchain.com/explorer?view=eth" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.blockchain.com/explorer?view=eth</a>Project IntroductionEthereum is a decentralized open-source blockchain system that features its own cryptocurrency, Ether. ETH works as a platform for numerous other cryptocurrencies, as well as for the execution of decentralized smart contracts.Ethereum was first described in a 2013 whitepaper by Vitalik Buterin. Buterin, along with other co-founders, secured funding for the project in an online public crowd sale in the summer of 2014. The project team managed to raise $18.3 million in Bitcoin, and Ethereum’s price in the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) was $0.311, with over 60 million Ether sold. Taking Ethereum’s price now, puts the return on investment (ROI) at an annualized rate of over 270%, essentially almost quadrupling your investment every year since the summer of 2014.The Ethereum Foundation officially launched the blockchain on July 30, 2015, under the prototype codenamed “Frontier.” Since then, there have been several network updates — “Constantinople” on Feb. 28, 2019, “Istanbul” on Dec. 8, 2019, “Muir Glacier” on Jan. 2, 2020, “Berlin” on April 14, 2021, and most recently on Aug. 5, 2021, the “London” hard fork.Ethereum’s own purported goal is to become a global platform for decentralized applications, allowing users from all over the world to write and run software that is resistant to censorship, downtime, and fraud.

ETH (ETHEREUM)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2012-09-01Total Supply：100 000 000 000Circulation：47&nbsp;160&nbsp;000 000White paper: <a href="https://ripple.com/files/ripple_consensus_whitepaper.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://ripple.com/files/ripple_consensus_whitepaper.pdf</a>Website: <a href="https://ripple.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://ripple.com</a>Block Explorer: <a href="https://blockchair.com/ripple" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://blockchair.com/ripple</a>Project IntroductionRipple is a real-time gross settlement protocol, a currency exchange, and a money transfer system. The protocol supports tokens representing fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies, commodities, and/or other assets.Ripple was created as an alternative payment method for the banking system, and not as an alternative to fiat money and the traditional banking system.Ripple's main customers are banks using the current software solution for cross-border payments with the ability to track transfers in real-time. Ordinary users can also use Ripple's digital currency for mutual settlements.

XRP (RIPPLE)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2017-08-01Total Supply：21,000,000Circulation ：18,908,225White paper: <a href="https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf</a>Website：<a href="https://bitcoincash.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://bitcoincash.org/</a>Block Explorer: <a href="https://blockchair.com/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://blockchair.com/</a>Project IntroductionBitcoin Cash (BCH) was launched in August 2017 as a result of the Bitcoin (BTC) blockchain hard fork. A hard fork is, in fact, a blockchain divided into two parts, each of which becomes its own cryptocurrency with its own unique blockchain.Unlike a soft fork, which is an update of the blockchain, where only one of the separable parts of the blockchain remains valid. Thus, when the fork happens, anyone who holds BTC will receive the same amount of BCH.The formation of BCH occurred as a result of disagreements within the BTC community. Groups of BTC miners and developers were concerned about its scalability, and they were not sure about the blockchain's plans to adopt segregated witness (SegWit) technology.These groups believed that although it was necessary (with the increasing size of the BTC network, the blockchain could barely cope with the increased transaction volumes), this proposed update did not correspond to the decentralized philosophy of Satoshi Nakamoto. As a result, they agreed that the only way to overcome the scalability problem is to increase the maximum block size.Therefore, a hard fork was proposed in which the BTC blockchain will be divided into two parts. One of them will process more transactions at a faster rate than BTC. That's how BCH appeared.

BCH (Bitcoin Cash)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2015-08-2015Total Supply：50 001 802 549Circulation：24 303 281 981White paper: <a href="https://stellar.org/papers/stellar-consensus-protocol" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://stellar.org/papers/stellar-consensus-protocol</a>Website：<a href="https://www.stellar.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.stellar.org/</a>Block Explorer: <a href="https://dashboard.stellar.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://dashboard.stellar.org/</a>Project IntroductionStellar is an open network that allows money to be moved and stored. When it was released in July 2014, one of its goals was boosting financial inclusion by reaching the world’s unbanked — but soon afterward, its priorities shifted to helping financial firms connect with one another through blockchain technology.The network’s native token, lumens, serves as a bridge that makes it less expensive to trade assets across borders. All of this aims to challenge existing payment providers, who often charge high fees for a similar service.Stellar is unique because every transaction costs just 0.00001 XLM. Given how one unit of this cryptocurrency only costs a few cents at the time of writing, this helps ensure that users keep more of their money.Few blockchain projects have managed to secure partnerships with big-brand technology companies and fintech firms. A few years ago, Stellar and IBM teamed up to launch World Wire, a project that allowed large financial institutions to submit transactions to the Stellar network and transact using bridge assets such as stable coins.Although other blockchains have community funds, meaning that grants can be given to projects that help further the ecosystem, Stellar allows its users to vote on which ventures should be given this support.

XLM (Stellar)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2011-10-12Total Supply：84 000 000Circulation：69 036 445White paper：<a href="https://whitepaper.io/coin/litecoin" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://whitepaper.io/coin/litecoin</a>Website：<a href="https://litecoin.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://litecoin.org/</a>Block Explorer：<a href="https://whitepaper.io/coin/litecoin" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://whitepaper.io/coin/litecoin</a>Project IntroductionLitecoin (LTC) is a cryptocurrency that was designed to provide fast, secure and low-cost payments by leveraging the unique properties of blockchain technology.To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Litecoin.The cryptocurrency was created based on the Bitcoin (BTC) protocol, but it differs in terms of the hashing algorithm used, hard cap, block transaction times and a few other factors. Litecoin has a block time of just 2.5 minutes and extremely low transaction fees, making it suitable for micro-transactions and point-of-sale payments.Litecoin was released via an open-source client on GitHub on Oct. 7, 2011, and the Litecoin Network went live five days later on Oct. 13, 2011. Since then, it has exploded in both usage and acceptance among merchants and has counted among the top ten cryptocurrencies by market capitalization for most of its existence.The cryptocurrency was created by Charlie Lee, a former Google employee, who intended Litecoin to be a "lite version of Bitcoin," in that it features many of the same properties as Bitcoin—albeit lighter in weight.

LTC (Litecoin)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2018-02Total Supply：270,000,000Circulation ：60,907,500.00White paper：<a href="https://whitepaper.axieinfinity.com/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://whitepaper.axieinfinity.com/</a>Website：<a href="https://axieinfinity.com/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://axieinfinity.com/</a>Block Explorer：<a href="https://etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etherscan.io/</a>Project IntroductionAxie Infinity is a blockchain-based trading and battling game that is partially owned and operated by its players.To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into Axie Infinity.Inspired by popular games like Pokémon and Tamagotchi, Axie Infinity allows players to collect, breed, raise battle, and trade token-based creatures known as Axies.These Axies can take various forms, and there are more than 500 different body parts available, including aquatic, beast, bird, bug, plant and reptile parts. Parts from each type class come in four different rarity scales: common, rare, ultra-rare, and legendary — and Axies can have any combination of body parts, making them highly variable and often rare and unique.Each Axie is a non-fungible token (NFT) with different attributes and strengths and can be entered into 3v3 battles, with the winning team earning more experience (exp) points that are used to level up an Axie's stats or evolve their body parts. These Axies can be bred together to produce new and unique offspring, which can be used or sold on the Axie marketplace.The Axie Infinity ecosystem also has its own unique governance token, known as Axie Infinity Shards (AXS). These are used to participate in key governance votes and will give holders a say in how funds in the Axie Community Treasury are spent.

AXS (Axie Infinity)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2016-10-27Total Supply：21,000,000Circulation：7,075,631White paper：<a href="http://zerocash-project.org/media/pdf/zerocash-extended-20140518.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://zerocash-project.org/media/pdf/zerocash-extended-20140518.pdf</a>Website：<a href="https://z.cash/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://z.cash/</a>Block Explorer：<a href="https://explorer.zcha.in/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://explorer.zcha.in/</a>Project IntroductionZcash is a cryptocurrency aimed at using cryptography to provide enhanced privacy for its users compared to other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.Zcash is based on Bitcoin's codebase. It shares many similarities, such as a fixed total supply of 21 million units.Transactions can be "transparent" and similar to bitcoin transactions in which case they are controlled by a t-addr, or they can be "shielded" and are controlled by a z-addr. A shielded transaction uses a type of zero-knowledge proof called zk-SNARKs, which provides anonymity to the coin holders in the transaction. Zcash coins are either in a transparent pool or a shielded pool. As of December 2017 only around 4% of Zcash coins were in the shielded pool and at that time most cryptocurrency wallet programs did not support z-addrs and no web-based wallets supported them. The shielded pool of Zcash coins was further analyzed for security and it was found that the anonymity setcan be shrunk considerably by heuristics-based identifiable patterns of usage.Zcash affords private transactors the option of "selective disclosure", allowing a user to prove payment for auditing purposes. One such reason is to allow private transactors the choice to comply with anti-money laundering or tax regulations. "Transactions are auditable but disclosure is under the participant's control. The company has hosted virtual meetings with law enforcement agencies around the U.S. to explain these fundamentals and has gone on the record of saying that "they did not develop the currency to facilitate illegal activity".While miners receive 80% of a block reward, 20% is given to the "Zcash development fund": 8% to Zcash Open Major Grants, 7% to Electric Coin Co., and 5% to The Zcash Foundation.

ZEC (Zcash)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2018-06Total Supply：100,000,000,000Circulation&nbsp;：65,800,000,000White paper：<a href="https://tron.network/technical.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://tron.network/technical.html</a>Website：<a href="https://tron.network/enindex.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://tron.network/enindex.html</a>Block Explorer：<a href="https://etherscan.io/token/0xf230b790e05390fc8295f4d3f60332c93bed42e2" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etherscan.io/token/0xf230b790e05390fc8295f4d3f60332c93bed42e2</a>Project IntroductionTron is one of the largest blockchain-based operating systems in the world. TRON is an ambitious project dedicated to building the infrastructure for a truly decentralized Internet. The Tron Protocol, one of the largest blockchain-based operating systems in the world, offers scalable, high-availability, and high-throughput support that underlies all the decentralized applications in the TRON ecosystem. TRON Protocol and the TVM allow anyone to develop DAPPs for themselves or their communities, with smart contracts making decentralized crowdfunding and token issuance easier than ever. Tron DAPP projects already include Peiwo, Obike, Uplive, game.com, Kitty live, and Mico, with 100M+ active users from more than 100 countries and regions around the world.

TRX (TRON)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2021-09-08Total Supply：100,000,000Circulation ：55,680,000White paper：<a href="https://docs.dydx.exchange/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://docs.dydx.exchange/</a>Website：<a href="https://dydx.exchange/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://dydx.exchange/</a>Block Explorer：<a href="https://etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etherscan.io/</a>Project IntroductionDYDX is a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange created on the Starkwale layer 2 networks of the Ethereum blockchain, which differs from the classic Uniswap and Sushiswap DEX platforms by a specific architecture of orders. The dYdX user has opened spot, futures, and margin trading in several dozen trading pairs.DYDX is a governance token that allows the dYdX community to truly govern the dYdX Layer 2 Protocol. By enabling shared control of the protocol, DYDX allows traders, liquidity providers, and partners of dYdX to work collectively towards an enhanced Protocol.DYDX enables a robust ecosystem around governance, rewards, and staking — each designed to drive future growth and decentralization of dYdX, resulting in a better experience for users.

DYDX

Project basic informationIssue Time：2017-05-31Total Supply：1,500,000,000Circulation ：1,492,497,100White paper：<a href="https://basicattentiontoken.org/BasicAttentionTokenWhitePaper-4.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://basicattentiontoken.org/BasicAttentionTokenWhitePaper-4.pdf</a>Website：<a href="https://basicattentiontoken.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://basicattentiontoken.org/</a>Block Explorer：<a href="https://etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etherscan.io/</a>Project IntroductionBasic Attention Token (BAT) or BAT is a token that supports a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly distribute user rewards for their attention and interest, as well as to provide advertisers with a higher return on their advertising costs.This service is provided through the Brave browser, where users can watch ads while maintaining privacy and receiving BAT rewards for them. On the other hand, advertisers have the opportunity to provide targeted advertising to increase engagement and reduce losses due to advertising fraud and advertising abuse.The Basic Attention Token itself is a unit of remuneration in this advertising ecosystem and serves for settlements between advertisers, publishers, and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns with BAT tokens. Of this budget, a small part is distributed to advertisers, and 70% is distributed among users — while intermediaries, who usually increase advertising costs, are excluded from the process, which increases profitability.Basic Attention Token was launched in 2017 after one of the fastest-selling initial coin offerings (ICO), during which the platform raised a total of $35 million in less than a minute.

BAT (Basic Attention Token)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2020-08Total Supply：1,000,000,000Circulation ：563,065,519White paper：<a href="https://docs.near.org/docs/develop/basics/getting-started" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://docs.near.org/docs/develop/basics/getting-started</a>Website：<a href="https://near.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://near.org/</a>Block Explorer：<a href="https://explorer.near.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://explorer.near.org/</a>Project IntroductionNEAR Protocol is a decentralized platform designed to create Internet applications. The network operates on a Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism called Nightshade, which aims to ensure scalability and stable commission.NEAR is a native service token that is used for:Fees for transaction processing and data storage.Launching validator nodes in the network by stacking NEAR tokens.Voting on network management, for example, to determine how to allocate network resources.

NEAR (Near Protocol)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2018-01Total Supply：1,000,000,000Circulation ：700,000,000White paper：<a href="https://nkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/NKN_Whitepaper.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://nkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/NKN_Whitepaper.pdf</a>Website：<a href="https://nkn.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://nkn.org/</a>Block Explorer：<a href="https://etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etherscan.io/</a>Project IntroductionNKN, or New Kind of Network, is an open-source protocol for public blockchain-based peer-to-peer Networks to share network bandwidth and Internet connectivity. The project was launched in January 2018 and lists Stephen Wolfram, creator of Mathematica and Wolfram|Alpha, and Whitfield Diffie, inventor of public-key cryptography as advisors. NKN Mainnet was launched in July 2019 and has up to 25,000 full consensus nodes (more than Bitcoin or Ethereum).Notable use cases for NKN include:Content Delivery System (contract with Chinese video giant iQIYI)Edge computing (contract with China Mobile)D-chat (secure messaging app)nShell (secure remote terminal access).NKN’s consensus algorithm is based on Cellular Automata, A New Kind of Science and Ising Model, where a simple local majority rule can lead to system-level convergence in a small number of iterations. The design goal is to scale to arbitrary numbers of equal consensus nodes.NKN uses a global addressing scheme based on public keys, in order to enable direct peer-to-peer communication without centralized servers. The routing of packets is based on Chord Distributed Hash Table (DHT), which maps each NKN address to a random and verifiable position on the Chord DHT ring.

Project basic informationIssue Time：2020-05-26Total Supply：1,103,303,471Circulation ：987,579,314.96White paper：<a href="https://polkadot.network/PolkaDotPaper.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://polkadot.network/PolkaDotPaper.pdf</a>Website：<a href="https://polkadot.network/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://polkadot.network/</a>Block Explorer : <a href="https://polkascan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://polkascan.io/</a>Project IntroductionPolka dot is a shared blockchain, that is, it connects several chains into a single network, allowing them to work in parallel and exchange data, while at the same time providing security guarantees. By parallelizing the workload, Polka dot solves the main bandwidth problems that have hitherto hindered decentralized application development. Polka dot's design offers several distinct advantages over existing and legacy networks, including heterogeneous segmentation, scalability, fork-free upgrade capability, transparent management, and inter-chain interaction. Polkadot will successfully develop various applications from DeFi and energy to the Internet of Things (IoT) and games.

DOT (Polkadot)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2020-08-00Total Supply：589 737 271 202 617Circulation： 549 055 952 729 359White paper：<a href="https://shiba.limited/whitepaper.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://shiba.limited/whitepaper.pdf</a>Website：<a href="https://shibatoken.com/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://shibatoken.com/</a>Block Explorer:<a href="%20https%3A//etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">&nbsp;https://etherscan.io/</a>Project IntroductionHis main goal was to create an ERC-20 token at a low enough price so that anyone could purchase millions of pieces. The developers deliberately set its cost well below one cent. The strategy is to make the project profitable by increasing the altcoin price to $ 0.01.In addition to the chance to earn some money, Shiba Inu is designed to draw attention to cryptocurrencies. When people see a charming Japanese dog of the Shiba Inu breed, it creates a positive attitude.

SHIB (SHIBA INU)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2015Total Supply：990 156Circulation： 990 156White paper：<a href="https://makerdao.com/en/whitepaper" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://makerdao.com/en/whitepaper</a>Website：<a href="https://makerdao.com/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://makerdao.com/</a>Block Explorer: <a href="https://etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etherscan.io/</a>Project IntroductionMaker (MKR) is a MakerDAO and Maker Protocol management token, which are respectively a decentralized organization and a software platform. Both elements are based on the Ethereum blockchain, which gives users the opportunity to issue and manage DAI stable coins.The task of the Maker project is to manage DAI, a decentralized cryptocurrency managed by the community, with a stable value, gently pegged to the US dollar. The idea of the project appeared in 2015, and the launch took place in December 2017.MKR tokens act as a kind of voting action for the organization that manages DAI. Although they do not bring dividends to the holders, they give them the right to vote in relation to the development of the Maker Protocol. It is expected that they will rise in price in the wake of the success of DAI itself.The Maker ecosystem is one of the earliest projects on the scene of decentralized finance (DeFi). This industry is held around the creation of decentralized financial products on top of blockchains with support for smart contracts, such as Ethereum.

MKR (Maker)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2020.08.01Total Supply：1 500 000 000Circulation： 180 362 122White paper：<a href="https://whitepaper.io/coin/1inch" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://whitepaper.io/coin/1inch</a>Website：<a href="https://1inch.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://1inch.io/</a>Block Explorer: <a href="https://etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etherscan.io/</a>Project IntroductionThe 1inch Network unites decentralized protocols whose synergy enables the most lucrative, fastest, and protected operations in the DeFi space.The initial protocol of the 1inch Network is a DEX aggregator solution that searches deals across multiple liquidity sources, offering users better rates than any individual exchange. This protocol incorporates the Pathfinder algorithm which finds the best paths among different markets over 60+ liquidity sources on Ethereum, 30+ liquidity sources on Binance Smart Chain, 30+ liquidity sources on Polygon, Optimistic Ethereum, and Arbitrum. In just over two years the 1inch DEX aggregator surpassed $70B in overall volume on the Ethereum network alone.The 1inch Aggregation Protocol facilitates cost-efficient and secure swap transactions across multiple liquidity sources.The 1inch Liquidity Protocol is a next-generation automated market maker that protects users from front-running attacks and offers attractive opportunities to liquidity providers.

1INCH

Project basic informationIssue Time：2014Total Supply：76 357 051 672Circulation： 72 495 543 702White paper: <a href="https://tether.to/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/TetherWhitePaper.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://tether.to/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/TetherWhitePaper.pdf</a>Website：<a href="https://tether.to/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://tether.to/</a>Block Explorer: <a href="https://etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etherscan.io/</a>Project Introduction Tether (USDT) is a digital currency, the value of which always corresponds to the value of the US dollar. Tether was launched in 2014. The idea was to create a stable cryptocurrency that could be used as a digital dollar or "stable coin". Tether is tied to the price of the US dollar.Initially, Tether used the Osi Layer transport protocol of the Bitcoin network, but now it is also available as an ERC20 token on Ethereum. In total, Tether is issued on Bitcoin blockchains (both Omni and Liquid), Ethereum, EOS, and Tron.Tether tokens are issued by Tether Limited, whose CEO also manages the Bitfinex cryptocurrency exchange. Tether previously stated that Tether currencies are 100% secured by Tether reserves, but after Tether lawyers noted in 2019 that Tether was only 74% secured, i.e. had only a partial reserve, Tether noted that the definition of full collateral includes loans for affiliated companies.

USDT (Tether)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2019Total Supply：12 918 879 203Circulation： 12 918 879 203White paper: -Website：<a href="https://www.binance.com/en/busd" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.binance.com/en/busd</a>Block Explorer: <a href="https://etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etherscan.io/</a>Project IntroductionBalance USD (USD) is a 1:1 US dollar-backed stable coin issued by Finance (in partnership with Paxos), approved and regulated by the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS). The monthly audit report of BUSD can be viewed on the official website. BUSD was launched on September 5, 2019, and is designed to combine the stability of the dollar with blockchain technology. It is a digital fiat currency issued as a token of the RC-20 standard and supports BEP-2.

BUSD (Binance USD)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2018.10.31Total Supply：36 891 083 835Circulation： 36 891 083 835White paper: <a href="https://f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/9304636/PDF/centre-whitepaper.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/9304636/PDF/centre-whitepaper.pdf</a>Website：<a href="https://www.centre.io/usdc" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.centre.io/usdc</a>Block Explorer:<a href="%20https%3A//etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">&nbsp;https://etherscan.io/</a>Project IntroductionUSD Coin (known by its ticker USDC) is a stable coin that is pegged to the U.S. dollar on a 1:1 basis. Every unit of this cryptocurrency in circulation is backed up by $1 that is held in reserve, in a mix of cash and short-term U.S. Treasury bonds. The Centre consortium, which is behind this asset, says USDC is issued by regulated financial institutions.The stable coin was originally launched on a limited basis in September 2018. Put simply, USD Coin’s mantra is “digital money for the digital age” — and the <span dir="ltr" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -apple-system, &quot;system-ui&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; display: inline !important;">stable coin is designed for a world where cashless transactions are becoming more common.Several use cases have been unveiled for the USD Coin. As well as providing a safe haven for crypto traders in times of volatility, those behind the stable coin say it can also allow businesses to accept payments in digital assets, and shake up an array of sectors including decentralized finance and gaming.

USDC (Usd Coin)

Project basic informationIssue Time：2019.11Total Supply：6 474 952 202Circulation： 6 474 951 714White paper: <a href="https://makerdao.com/en/whitepaper/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://makerdao.com/en/whitepaper/</a>Website：<a href="https://makerdao.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://makerdao.com</a>Block Explorer: <a href="https://etherscan.io/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://etherscan.io/</a>Project IntroductionDAI is a stable coin &nbsp;based on Ethereum, the release and development of which is managed by Maker Protocol and decentralized autonomous organization MakerDAO.The price of DAI is pegged to the US dollar and is provided by a set of other cryptocurrencies that are deposited into smart contract vaults every time new DAI are issued.It is important to distinguish between multi-Collateral DAI (Multi-Collateral DAI) and Single-Collateral DAI (Single-Collateral DAI, SAI), an earlier version of the token that could be secured with only one cryptocurrency; SAI also does not support the DAI savings rate, which allows users to earn savings by storing DAI tokens.The multi-dock DAI was launched in November 2019.

DAI (Usd Coin)

Information and features of cryptocurrencies

Description of coins

 After the transaction has been broadcasted to the network, there’s usually no way of affecting it and you can just wait for the confirmation. To make this process faster for future transactions, you can choose to pay a higher fee when setting up your transaction so it can be included in the block earlier. 

If you do not want to spend time waiting for the transactions to be processed, you can pay a higher fee when setting up the next transaction. The process explained in detail

How to Speed up Unconfirmed Transactions on Crypto Trading Platform

How can I speed up unconfirmed transactions?

 Transactions within the blockchain network are validated only when a certain number of miners (minimum of 3) confirm their authenticity and include them in the blocks that become part of the blockchain. When your transaction is broadcasted to the network, you need to wait for it to be confirmed by a sufficient amount of miners in order to be validated. 

For a transaction to be validated it needs to be confirmed by a sufficient amount of miners. See a detailed explanation on this page. Cryptocurrency trading basics

What is Confirmation of Blockchain Transactions

What is a confirmation?

 Getting a wallet is fairly easy for most currencies. However, there are countless options out there depending on your needs and how safe you want to be. Any wallet you get will give you the possibility to generate addresses. If you don’t see a “Generate address” or “My addresses” button, you can normally generate one on the “Receive/Send” section.    

If you need to generate a wallet address follow the instructions on this page. Benefit from crypto trading. Create multiple wallets for different currencies

How Do I Get a Wallet Address to Buy and Sell Bitcoins

How do I get a wallet address?

 The 3D Secure authentication is an additional fraud prevention scheme. After you enter your credit card details on a payment page, a new window will appear, requesting for your personal security code. Your financial institution will authenticate the transaction within seconds, as well as confirm that you are the individual making the purchase. Usually it means that your bank sends you an SMS with a one-time password which is entered in order to confirm your transaction.    

When you make a deposit with a bank card at our crypto trading platform, 3D secure authentication is used to protect your transaction. The process described in detail on this page 

What is 3D Secure Authentification When Trading Cryptocurrencies

What is 3D Secure?

 At the moment, PayPal is not supported. You can top-up your Cryptology account with crypto and/or bank cards (Mastercard for EU and Visa).    

Deposit and withdrawal methods are explained. Buy and Sell Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other digital coins with a reputable crypto trading platform

Are PayPal Deposits and Withdrawals Available to Trade Crypto

PayPal

 Unfortunately, all transactions broadcasted to the blockchain are irreversible. Once your coins are sent, it is practically impossible to recover them. However, there are some rare situations in which the transaction might fail and the money might be sent back. For example, Bitcoin addresses contain a built-in check code, so it's generally not possible to send Bitcoins to a mistyped address. However, if the address is well-formed but no one owns it, any coin sent to that address will be lost.    

Is it possible to send Bitcoin to a mistyped address? Can the money be returned if the address was incorrect? Find the answers on this page

Can I Return Money When Sending Crypto to an Incorrect Address

Incorrect Address

 Crypto transactions depend on a certain number of approvals by the network to be validated. This can take slightly longer or less time than expected. However, you can check the status of your transaction by using the transaction ID on a blockchain explorer such as blockchain.info or etherscan.io  

Sometimes crypto transactions processing can take longer than expected. See the instructions on how to check your transaction status by ID

Crypto Trading Delayed Processing Explained

Delayed Processing

 First, please check if the transaction ID exists in the blockchain, as the wallets might delay the broadcasting. The transaction ID is a string of numbers and letters that you can use to verify your transfer data in the network.  If the transaction already exists in the blockchain, please check whether it has enough confirmations. Different currencies can have different processing times. For example, ETH transactions are normally substantially faster than the BTC ones (several minutes versus up to an hour). If you believe your transaction is taking longer than expected, please contact our Support Team. Please note: for some currencies, such as XRP or XLM, specifying a tag when sending a transaction is mandatory. If the tag is not specified or is specified incorrectly, it will result in your funds being lost.     

Crypto transactions can take some time depending on currency and other factors. See the guide on how to check your transaction status and find a missing crypto deposit

How to Find a Missing Crypto Deposit

Where is my crypto deposit?

 The amount you can deposit/withdraw depends on your account verification level. In order to increase the limits, please complete the account verification:   Advanced Verification: Crypto deposits - no limits, Crypto withdrawals - no limits. Fiat deposits up to $10,000  Full Verification: No Account Limit   Please check the full list of minimum amounts for withdrawals in the Cryptology Fees article. 

How much can I deposit/withdraw at once?

 On Cryptology, the minimum amount you can deposit depends on the top-up method:   Bank card deposits - the minimum amount is 5 USD, 5 EUR  Crypto deposits - no minimum amount.   The maximum amount for deposits depends on your account’s verification level.    

See the list of deposit methods to use at our crypto trading platform. Minimum deposit limits described, be aware of that information and start trading

Crypto Marketplace Minimum Deposit Amount

What is the minimum amount for deposits?

 Web Version – www.cryptology.com  1. Go to www.cryptology.com, and click on the top right button “Sign in" or "Create account”.     2. Sign in (or Sign up if you don’t have an account) to Cryptology. After that click on the “Account” button and choose Security.    3: To enable Two-Factor Authentication, download Google Authenticator on the App Store or Google Play. Click on the “Enable 2FA” button. Then Scan the barcode with your Google Authenticator app or copy the secret key manually. Don't forget to save your secret key, as it is provided only once! Enter a code generated by your Google Authenticator. Click on the “Enable 2FA” button to finish it up.    Mobile Application Version  1. Sign in (or Sign up if you don’t have an account) to Cryptology. After that click on the “Account” button and choose Security.    2. To enable Two-Factor Authentication, download Google Authenticator on the App Store or Google Play. Click on the “Enable 2FA” button. Then Scan the barcode with your Google Authenticator app or copy the secret key manually. Don't forget to save your secret key, as it is provided only once! Enter a code generated by your Google Authenticator. Click on the “Enable 2FA” button to finish it up.       Great! Now your account is more secure and your trading is safer than before.    

For your security, you can use two-factor authentication. Use a web version and a mobile application and follow the instructions on this page to keep your transactions safe

How Do I Enable 2FA for My Account? Follow the Detailed Guide

How do I enable 2FA for my account?

 For now, once the information has been submitted, it cannot be removed or edited by the user. In order to do this, please contact our Support Team.  How to contact the Support Team    

After creating an account at Cryptology, you might face a question: Can I edit my personal data? To make any changes you will need to contact support, follow the instructions from this page

Questions on Account and Verification Explained

Can I edit my personal data?

 Steps to fix "Incorrect Code" errors with Two-Factor Authentication  The most common cause for "Incorrect Code" errors is that the time on your Google Authenticator app is not synced correctly. To make sure that you have the correct time in your Google Authenticator app follow the instructions for your operating system below.  On Android:   Go to the Main Menu on the Google Authenticator app  Select Settings  Select Time correction for codes  Select Sync now      On the next screen, the app will confirm that the time has been synced, and you should now be able to use your verification codes to sign in.  On iOS (Apple iPhone):   Go to the iPhone Settings App. (your phone settings area)  Select General  Select Date & Time  Enable Set Automatically  If its already enabled, disable it, wait a few seconds and re-enable       

If you face an ‘Incorrect code’ error with two-factor authentification, follow our simple guide to fix it. Step-by-step instructions with screenshots for Android and iOS devices

Two-Factor Authentification Fails on Crypto Trading Platform

My Two-Factor codes aren’t accepted ("Incorrect Code" error)

 Web:   To delete your account, please go to Account - Security Settings: https://cryptology.com/account/security  Click "Delete account" and verify this action using the confirmation code from the email:     Mobile App Cryptology Go:   Open your Cryptology Go App and click at the top left of the screen;  Click “Settings & Security”, then the “Delete account” option. Verify this action using the confirmation code from the email:     If you change your mind after account deletion, please get in touch with the Support Team for assistance. 

If for any reason you need to delete your trading account at Cryptology, you need to enter the Settings page and push the ‘Delete Account’ button. Whenever you want to come back, contact support to restore your account

How Do I Delete My Account? Follow These Simple Steps

How do I delete my account?

 Unfortunately, no. As per Cryptology’s Terms and Conditions, the client acknowledges that he/she is above the legal minimum age (18) upon account registration. Failure to comply shall result in blocking of the account. 

Age requirements for creating an account at Cryptology explained. Users under 18 years old are not allowed to create an account, buy and sell crypto with us

Age Requirements for Starting Trading Cryptocurrencies

I’m underaged. Can I open an account with Cryptology?

 Web Version – www.cryptology.com  To trade on Cryptology you need to sign up first and then pass the verification process. To do this see a step-by-step How to Get Verified guide and come back. So let’s start trading!    Step 1: click on the "Exchange" tab to get started:    Step 2: next to the price chart you can find the order placement window. There are two main types of orders:  Limit (Limit Order) and Market (Market Order). The main difference between these types of orders is that with a market order, you do not need to manually set the price of the order, and the order itself will be instantly executed at the current price of the asset. To place a market order you need to select the currency and amount you want to buy or sell and click the Buy button (Sell if you would like to sell your assets). The order will be instantly executed at the market price. It is not possible to cancel a Market Order.    Please note, that you should have enough currency on your balance that you want to exchange. If the number of assets is not enough, you will receive a notification when placing an order. You can also check this on the Balances tab.  Step 3: A limit order executes at a selected price, which you need to set manually. In order to place a Limit Order, you need to enter the order volume and the price at which the order should be filled.  The order will be executed when the asset price reaches the specified values. Thus, there is no guarantee that the order will be filled, since the price of the asset may never reach the values you specified.    To cancel a Limit Order, please find the window with your open orders (under the price chart window) and click on the “X” button.     Risk Reminder: Investing in digital assets involves high risks due to large price fluctuations. Before investing, please consider all the risks of investing in digital assets and be careful with your investment decisions.   Mobile app  Step 1: Click on the "Exchange" tab to get started:     Step 2: Let's take a Market order as an example. Select the asset and then enter the amount you would like to buy/sell and click the “Buy”/ “Sell” button. The order will be immediately executed at the market price.   Step 3: To place a Limit Order, select a currency pair, specify the execution price, and order volume and click the “Buy” button (Sell if you are selling).  A Buy Limit Order can only be executed at or below the specified price, and a Sell Limit Order can only be executed at or above the specified price. Thus, there is no guarantee that it will be executed, as it depends on the market price.   There are two ways to cancel a Limit Order:  1. Go to the tab “Exchange” -> “Orders”. Click on the order you are interested in. Here you can see all information about the order: quantity, price, time, and status. You can also cancel the order in this window:   2. Go to the “Exchange” -> “Markets” tab and select the asset you are interested in. Click on the "Open Orders" tab under the price chart. There you can see all the information about your active orders: quantity, price, time, and status. You can also cancel the order in this window in the way described above.   How to check the order history?  Go to the tab “Exchange” -> “Orders”. In this window, you will see information about both open orders and already executed orders.    Risk Reminder: Investing in digital assets involves high risks due to large price fluctuations. Before investing, please consider all the risks of investing in digital assets and be careful with your investment decisions.    

To buy and sell Bitcoin, Ethtreum, and other digital coins read this step-by-step guide. Instructions on how to use a crypto trading platform in mobile application or web version

A Step-By-Step Guide How to Trade Cryptocurrencies

How to Trade on Cryptology

 Order book is a list of buy and sell orders for a specific currency, organized by price level. It allows you to see what price are investors willing to pay or sell their coins for.      

Use the order book to find out prices on cryptocurrencies. What is the order book? The term is explained on this page, read and start trading now!

What Is the Order Book: Crypto Trading Basics

What is the order book?

 The Ask Price is the lowest price that sellers are willing to sell their coins for. In reverse logic, the Bid Price is the highest amount a buyer is willing to pay for the asset. The difference between the two is commonly known as Spread.    

To trade cryptocurrencies successfully you need to be aware of what the ask and bid prices are. Read the basic terms explained on this page and start trading on our platform

What Are the Ask and Bid Prices: Crypto Trading Basics

What are the Ask and Bid prices?

 The minimum order size on Cryptology is USD $0.10 or its equivalent.    

Wondering what a minimum order size when trading crypto is? Find the answers about buying and selling Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other cryptocurrencies, and create an account

Minimum Order Size When Trading Cryptocurrencies

What is the minimum order size?

 For security reasons, fiat transactions are only available for verification of the Advanced level and higher. You can find information about the verification process in our article. In order to make a deposit with a bank card, please follow the instructions:  Please go to the “Balances page”, select a currency, and click "Deposit":    Then, fill in the required information and click “Next”:    Read the terms of the transfer and click "next", then you will need to provide payment information:    Please note: you can only make a deposit from your personal card. Using other people's cards is against the rules of our platform. You can find all the latest information regarding fees in the Cryptology Fees article.    

Instructions on how to buy Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other digital coins using your bank card. Make a deposit to your account and benefit from crypto trading on a reliable platform

Bank Card Deposit Instructions: How to Buy Bitcoin

Bank Card Deposit instructions

 We are a team of crypto enthusiasts looking for ways to offer mass access to the crypto market through a marketplace that would cater to all your needs at once.  Please visit our blog for more information about us.  

If you are looking for a reliable and reputable crypto trading platform, our marketplace will fit all your needs. We are a team of crypto enthusiasts ready to provide you with all the data you need for trading

About Crypto Trading Marketplace Team

What is the team behind Cryptology? 

 With the exception of the USA and Japan, Cryptology is available worldwide. According to Cryptology Terms and Conditions, we also may restrict or prohibit the use of all or a portion of the Services from restricted locations, which at this time include Afghanistan, Canada, Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Lebanon, Libya, Myanmar, Nicaragua, North Korea, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Somalia, South Sudan, State of Palestine, Sudan, Syria, United States of America and controlled territories (Northern, Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands), Uzbekistan, Occupied territories of Ukraine, Venezuela, Yemen. Please note that this list may be updated at any time to reflect changes in applicable laws, regulations, or our internal policies. It is your responsibility to ensure that you are in compliance with any applicable local laws and regulations while accessing and using our Services.     

Where does Cryptology operate?

 Would you like to list a new token on Cryptology? Please go to Cryptology's main page, click "Listing" at the bottom, and fill out the form. The Listing manager will reach out to you within several business days.       

Please fill out the application form and we will contact you for more information

Can a User List a Token/Currency on Our Marketplace

Can I list a token/currency on Cryptology?

 In many cases, when you buy a token or participate in an ICO, the company/project automatically distributes the tokens to the address you've participated from. Due to the specifics of our system design, the tokens will not be sent from the ETH address you see in the "Wallet" tab.  Please do not participate in ICOs/Token sales from your Cryptology account, as we might be unable to recover your tokens.     

ICOs or Token sales are not to be performed with your Cryptology account, your tokens might not be recovered after these attempts. The question is described in detail on this page

Participation in ICO and Cryptology Account

Can I participate in an ICO from my Cryptology account?

   Cryptocurrency transactions, in their absolute majority, are irreversible. This means that if you send the wrong coin to the wrong wallet, it will probably be lost forever.      

Crypto transactions are irreversible. Be attentive when sending coins. Mistyped wallets or sending wrong coins can result in losing your money. Find more details on this page

Sending a Wrong Coin through a Crypto Trading Platform

What happens if I send the wrong coin?

   Trading: Current Spot trading fees are 0,2% maker and 0,2% taker  Deposit by bank card: 2,5% + 0,25 USD/EUR  Buy Crypto: 2,8%  Fiat withdrawals: SEPA EUR: €7 fee (are only available to EU banks)  Crypto deposits: You can make a deposit in any available cryptocurrency without fees  Crypto withdrawals: Please check out the full list of fees for deposits and withdrawals on our page Cryptology Fees   

Wondering what trading, deposit, and withdrawal fees a crypto trading platform has? See the detailed information on every transaction on this page

What Fees Does a Crypto Trading Platform Have

Cryptology Fees

 On a highly volatile market, an order might be executed at a price that is different than expected. Let's see an example.   If bid-ask spread on BTC-EUR pair is €3460 by €3469, and you place a market order to buy 1 BTC, you may expect it to fill at €3469. In the fraction of a second, it takes for your order to reach the exchange something may change, or your quotes could be slightly delayed. The price you actually get maybe €3462. The €2 difference between your expected price of €3460 and the €3462 price you actually end up buying at is called slippage.  Slippage refers to the difference between the expected price of a trade and the price at which the trade is actually executed. Slippage often occurs during periods of higher volatility when market orders are used. A market order assures you get into the trade, but there is a possibility you will end up with slippage and a worse price than expected.   Slippage does not directly refer to a negative or positive movement, as any change between the expected and actual prices can qualify. When orders are executed, the corresponding securities are purchased or sold at the most favorable price available. This can cause an order to produce results that are more favorable, equal to or less favorable than original expectations with the results being referred to as positive slippage, no slippage and negative slippage, respectively.  Want to know more about Slippage? Check Investopedia article 

In a highly volatile market, orders sometimes are executed at different prices as expected when creating an order. What is slippage? The basics of crypto training explained on this page

Market Order Executed at a Different Price: Crypto Trading Basics

Why was my market order executed at a different price? 

 Frequently Asked Questions   Definitions:  Cryptology Perpetual Futures Contract: Our Perpetual Futures Contract is a derivative contract bonded to the price of the BTC price index as the underlying.   Index price: the Index Price is the average market price of different exchanges. The exchanges used for the Index Price are independent in order to avoid price manipulation.  Funding Rate: The Funding Rate, determines funds that will be received or marked off every 8 hours at 04:00 UTC, 12:00 UTC and 20:00 UTC.  So we have 3 funding intervals per day. You will only pay or receive the Funding amount if you hold a position at one of these times. If you close your position prior to the Funding Rate exchange then you will not pay nor receive the Funding Rate. When the Funding Rate is positive, longs pay shorts. When the Funding Rate is negative, shorts pay longs. Cryptology does not charge any fees on the Funding Rate amount nor the exchange of it between longs and shorts, the Funding Rate is exchanged directly peer-to-peer. The Funding, is necessary to maintain the contract price close to the Index Price and avoid price manipulation on the exchange.  Mark Price:the Mark Price displays the Unrealized PNL. It is used to calculate the liquidation of the position and avoid price manipulation.   Mark Price = Index Price * ( 1 + Funding Rate * (Time to Funding / Funding Interval))  Open interest: total number of contracts in the order book.   Total balance: overall valuation of clients assets.   Equity: is a sum of total balance and Unrealized PNL.    Available: available assets on balance that could be used for trading.    Initial Margin: the amount that is necessary to enter into a leveraged position.    Maintenance Margin: Maintenance Margin is 50% of the Initial Margin. When your Margin becomes less than the Maintenance Margin, the position will be closed using the liquidation procedure.    Unrealized PNL: PNL that is calculated as a difference of the average price of a deal and the Mark Price.    Realized PNL: Realized PNL is calculated using the average price of opening position and the average price of the closing position.    Est. Liq. Price: it is an approximate price for liquidating the position. If the Mark price touches the Liquidation Price, the position will be liquidated.   Liquidation price: is the price which will be used to close the position in the case of liquidation.    How is the Funding calculated?  Funding Rate = Interest Rate Differencial + Premium Index  Interest Rate Differencial  Let’s suppose that BTC landing rate is 0.03% and USD landing rate is 0.06%, and we have 3 funding intervals per day.  Interest Rate Differencial  = (0.06% - 0.03%) / 3 = 0.01%  Premium Index, Depending on the situation on the market, we determine impact bid price(IBP) and impact ask price(IAP). Impact price is calculated as Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) on the market for volume ~10 BTC  Premium Index = (max(0, Impact Ask Price - Mark Price) - max(0, Mark Price - Impact Bid Price)) / Index Price  The Funding Amount is equal to the position value times the Funding Rate.  For example, the Mark Price is 4000 USD. You create a buy limit order (taker fee) at 3:00 UTC of 5000 contracts (contract size: 1 USD) that is ~1.25 BTC.  You will pay a commission of 0.0003125 BTC [(5000*1)/4000*0.01%]  The Funding Rate is 0.01%. At 4:00 UTC the Funding will be charged from your balance.   Funding: -0.000125 BTC [(5000*1)/4000*0.01%]  After the price of BTC changes to 5000 USD and you decide to close part of your position, you would create a market order selling 4000 contracts.   You will also pay a commission of 0.0006 BTC [(4000*1)/5000*0.075%]  The Funding Rate is changed to -0.02%. At 8:00 UTC the Funding will be added to your balance for the remaining position of 1000 contracts .  Funding: +(1000*1)/5000*0.02%=+0.00004 BTC       How is my PNL calculated?  Assume that you bought 500 contracts (contract size: 1 USD) at 3800 USD and then sold by market order 400 contracts at 4000 USD.   As your position was not completely closed part of your unrealized PNL was transformed to realized PLN and the remaining of the position will be maintained as unrealized PNL:  You also made a taker order, therefore, you have to pay taker's fee = 400/4000 * 0.075% = 0.000075 BTC  Realized PNL = 400 * 1 * (1/3800 - 1/4000) =  0,005263157 BTC minus fee  Unrealized PNL = (500 - 400) * 1 * (1/3800 - 1/4000) = 0.0001315789 BTC      What are the applicable fees?  Cryptology has constant trading fees for perpetual futures.   Taker fees: 0.05%  Maker fees: 0.05%    FYI: Maintenance Margin includes commission for closing an open position and also include next funding to reduce the risk of wasting liquidation fund.    What is Cross-Margin?  When you open a position on Cross-Margin, the system will work to maintain your margin above liquidation level by taking funds from your available balance. If there are not enough funds on your account, the system checks if it is possible to cancel active orders that hold margin and cancel these. If both conditions take place, all the open positions are closed at Market Price.  Using Cross-Margin, Leverage is calculated as: Position size/Balance.   NOTE: Currently, Futures on the Android version only supports Cross-Margin. Isolated Margin will be available soon.      What is Isolated-Margin?  When you open a position on Isolated-Margin, the system will liquidate your position when it reaches liquidation level automatically. It will not take funds from your available balance, nor affect other open positions.  Using Isolated-Margin, you can fix the leverage you would like to use. The Margin will be calculated as: Position Size x Leverage.  NOTE: Currently, by default, the web version opens the position on Cross-Margin. If you wish to change this, you will need to drag the leverage forward towards x100, you will then see "Isolated" instead of "Cross".    What is the Insurance Fund?  Cryptology offers 100x leverage for Perpetual Futures Contract on Bitcoin, this is a highly volatile financial product. These two factors cause a high risk of default. To cover possible obligations of one trader to the others, we decided to create an Insurance Fund. The Insurance Fund is used according to the discretion and risk management policy of Cryptology. When opening a position, the trading system calculates two prices, the Liquidation Price and the Bankruptcy Price.   Depending on the size of the position, liquidity and market volatility, the actual average Liquidation Price could be even worse than the Bankruptcy Price. In these cases, losses concerned with the market condition will be covered from the Liquidation Fund. If there are not enough funds to cover losses of liquidation then the system automatically goes to Auto-Deleveraging Liquidation. In the opposite case, if the actual average Liquidation Price is better than the Bankruptcy Price, these funds will go to the Liquidation Fund.    What is Auto-DeLeveraging (ADL)?  Auto deleveraging is a procedure on the market when it is necessary to cover losses of some traders but there are not enough funds in the Liquidation Fund. In this case, the most profitable positions on the market will be automatically closed to cover losses.    Withdrawals:  Futures' withdrawals are processed everyday only one time per day at 10:00 UTC.   Processing time may take up to 2 hours.  Submit your withdrawal request by 10:00 UTC to be included in the same day's batch.    

BTC/USD futures trading guide. Find the answers to frequently asked questions. How the calculations are made and what fees you will face. Detailed instructions for successful trading

BTC/USD Futures Trading Guide and Frequently Asked Questions

Futures Trading Terminology

To use our crypto trading platform and to trade successfully you need to be aware of legal and privacy information. Read these terms attentively and start trading right now!

Legal and Privacy Information | Crypto Trading Platform

Exchange T&Cs

Your key to successful crypto trading: read terms and conditions, information on fees, deposits, withdrawals, and other essential details. All you need to know about our crypto trading platform

Contracts Terms and Conditions: Safe Crypto Trading

Contracts T&Cs

Make sure that your crypto trading is 100% anonymous and secure. Read our online crypto trading platform privacy policy and personal data protection

Privacy Policy: Amonymous Crypto Trading, Personal Data Protected

Privacy Policy

 How to trade futures on Cryptology?  Trading futures contracts on Cryptology is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance, but be careful, as futures trading carries more risks than trading on the spot market. If you already have a verified Cryptology account, you will be able to start trading futures in the next few minutes.  Before trading, it is desirable to understand the basic terms that are used in the futures market. Below are the basic terms you will need to understand the futures market.   Futures are contract agreements to buy or sell assets in the future for a set price. When you make a futures contract, you do not buy the asset itself since the futures contract is a derivative. Hence the main difference between the futures market and the spot market: on the spot market you purchase and own the asset, but futures trading works in another way - you take a position on an asset without actually owning it.  Leverage is one of the most important tools in futures trading. Leverage allows you to maximize the profit. For example, to buy 1 BTC on the spot market, you will need tens of thousands of dollars, depending on market prices. Let's say the current price of Bitcoin is $15,000, so you need $15,000 to buy 1 BTC. A futures contract allows you to open a futures position on an asset by paying only a fraction of its cost. This is possible only with leverage. The more leverage, the fewer funds you need to invest in a position, but the higher the risk of liquidation of your position will be. For example, with x10 leverage, you do not need the entire amount ($15,000), but only $1,500 to buy a 1 BTC contract. Leverage is not available in spot trading.  Position "Long" - purchasing an asset in anticipation of a further increase in the price of the asset. Can be compared to buying. Long traders or buyers are called “bulls”. The name of the growing market - is “bullish”.  The “Short” position is an entry into a deal in anticipation of a further decrease in the price of an asset. The “short” mechanism is more complicated and difficult to understand. In simple terms, you borrow an asset from the exchange and then sell it at the current price. When the price goes down, you buy the asset and return it back, and take the difference between the prices as your profit. Currently, this process is automated and happens instantly, so you do not need to borrow an asset from the exchange and sell it yourself. On our platform, you just need to open a position, and the system will do every step automatically. Short traders (or sellers) are commonly referred to as “bears”. This is why a down market is called a bear market.  Position liquidation. The most unpleasant term for every trader. Liquidation is the forced closure of a position due to insufficient maintenance margin for the position. The higher your leverage and the lower your maintenance margin, the higher the risk of liquidation of your position. You can find the rest of the futures market terms in our Futures Trading FAQ article.   You can find the instructions on how to start trading on Futures below:   First of all, you need to deposit funds to the Futures balance of your Cryptology account. There are several ways to do this: you can make a deposit to the address of your Futures wallet, and also you can transfer funds from your exchange wallet to the futures one. There are two Base assets available for trading on Futures: USDT and BTC.    Go to the Futures page:     Choose the leverage for your Futures position. To do this, click on the "Cross" button and select the leverage:    Select the type of position you would like to open (long or short), order type, and enter the position size. You can open a position both at the market price and at the price of a limit order.  There are two additional types of orders in the futures market: Stop Market and Stop Limit. A Stop Market order is triggered by a stop price. When the stop price is reached, this order becomes a market order and the position closes at the current price. A Stop Limit order is a conditional order that is executed at a specified limit price after the stop price is reached.  The difference is that once the stop price is reached, an order will be placed at the limit price.    Open a position and earn a profit!    Risk Reminder: Futures Trading is a high-risk instrument, it can both maximize your profits through the use of leverage, and lead to serious losses. Before trading futures, you should develop a trading strategy. 

How to Trade Futures

 Need assistance with your account, or verification, or have any questions about trading? We’ll get you the help you need. Requests are usually processed within 1-2 hours, in some cases - up to 24 hours. There are three ways to contact our Support Team:    Online chat: Click on the chat in the lower right corner. Our smart Online Bot will help you choose the category of the request, answer the main questions, and help direct your request to the Support Agent.    Submit a ticket in the upper right corner near the ID. Choose the category of your request, describe your question, attach files, add additional data if necessary, and click "Send".    Send a request to support@cryptology.com. When contacting the Support Team, please provide the email associated with your Cryptology account and a detailed description of the question/issue.   

If you have any questions on crypto trading and on how to buy and sell Bitcoin, contact a support team. Support in the mobile app, in the web version and by email explained

Crypto Trading Platform Support Team

How to contact the Support Team

Cryptology follows Anti-Money Laundering and Know Your Customer policies to protect its users. Buying and selling digital coins with us is secure. The information on AML and KYC policies is on this page

AML-KYC Policy of Our Crypto Trading Platform

AML-KYC Policy

 Tether is a cryptocurrency that was created with the intent of mirroring the US Dollar. It is meant to be traded at a fixed price of USD ($1). Each Tether is allegedly backed by 1 real Dollar, that’s held in the company’s reserve.  There is also a form of Tether that is backed by the Euro, even though it has an extremely low trading volume. 

A cryptocurrency mirroring USD is Tether. Find information about this currency on this page. Buy and sell Tether at the worldwide crypto marketplace right now

What is Tether (USDT)? Buy and Sell Tether at Crypto Trading Platform

What is Tether (USDT)?

 Go to https://cryptology.com/  Click "Buy crypto" in the upper-left corner of the screen. There are a few simple steps ahead for a quick purchase:     Enter the amount in USD, EUR, or BRL that you want to spend. Choose the cryptocurrency you want to receive. Once you choose, you will see the equivalent of the amount in cryptocurrency that you will receive. Then click on the green button and you will be redirected to the next step.    Fill in the fields with the data of your bank card, and click "Next" to confirm your payment.     You will be redirected to the payment system's website, where you need to enter a confirmation code by SMS.  Enter the code you received to finish the purchase and that's it. You will be redirected to Cryptology’s website and the amount will be updated in your Cryptology account instantly.   You can make a withdrawal on the Balances page. Please use our instructions on How to make a crypto withdrawal. If you have any issues and need assistance, don’t hesitate to contact our Support Team for further help.  

How to use the Buy Crypto?

 Buy Crypto allows users to quickly convert fiat into cryptocurrency. To make a quick purchase, please go to the Buy Crypto page, add the amount to buy, and enter your bank card details. Follow our step-by-step instructions for a quick purchase: How to use Buy Crypto.  

How does Buy Crypto work?

 To buy and sell on the Cryptology exchange, you will have your own cryptocurrency wallet for each of the available currencies. To withdraw funds to an external wallet, you will need the address of your personal wallet.  Please check our article on How to make a withdrawal to an external wallet. 

Do I need a cryptocurrency wallet to buy, sell, or exchange currency?

 The cryptocurrency is credited to your Balance Immediately after payment. If the currency doesn’t display on your balance, please contact the Customer Support team: support@cryptology.com and attach a screenshot of your Balance. 

How long will the cryptocurrency be credited to the balance after paying by bank card?

 The fee for purchases with a VISA, or Mastercard bank card is 2,8%  The fee for withdrawal of BTC - 0,0004 BTC, ETH - 0,0035, USD_TRC20 - 4,5  Please follow our article to learn more about withdrawal fees for other cryptocurrencies: Cryptology fees 

What are the deposit and withdrawal fees?

 Please go to the Balances - Spot section in the upper-right corner, there will be the currency after purchase:    

Where can I find the cryptocurrency immediately after purchase?

 Cryptology provides user funds insurance with a Secure Asset Fund where we allocate a part of all trading fees to offer protection to our users and their funds in extreme cases. The size of the Secure Asset Fund is changed dynamically based on the current market situation, but can't be reduced to less than $1,000,000 in USD equivalent. To ensure the security of the funds in custody, Cryptology follows strict Security Policy that enforces a set of security standards for our technical and business operations.   However, our policy does not cover any losses resulting from unauthorized access to users personal account(s) due to a breach or loss of credentials. It is your responsibility to use a strong password and maintain control of all login credentials you use to access Cryptology. Digital currency is not legal tender and is not backed by the government. 

Are my funds safe with Cryptology?

 For today, Phishing is a popular fraudulent practice. The main purpose of Phishing is to induce individuals to reveal personal information such as passwords and credit card numbers by sending fake emails from the company. Installing an Anti-Phishing Code will additionally protect your account from fraudulent emails.  This code will allow you to see the difference between official Cryptology and emails from fraudsters.  Follow the simple steps to install an Anti-Phishing Code on your account:  1. Go to the Account - Settings page and choose the Security tab:   2. Below click to Set Up the Anti-Phishing Code:  3. Enter the Anti-Phishing Code and a two-factor authorization code, if you have it installed:    4. Now your Anti-Phishing code is enabled. Within one minute you will receive a code to your email linked to your Cryptology account, this code will be visible in the upper left corner of the email:  5. Use this code to identify the official email from Cryptology. If the code in the email doesn't match or is missing, do not follow the links in it, and do not reply to this email. Also, you can change the Anti-Phishing code at any time in the Account - Security settings.   Please note that the Anti-Phishing Code will only be visible in emails about transactions and actions in your account. There is no code in Marketing emails from Cryptology about promotions and platform updates.      

What is Anti-Phishing Code and how to install it?

 Project basic information  Issue Time：2008-10-30  Total Supply：21,000,000  Circulation ：18,247,575  White paper：https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf  Website：https://bitcoin.org/zh_CN/  Block Explorer：https://www.blockchain.com/explorer  Project Introduction  Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency and a digital payment system invented by an unknown programmer, or a group of programmers, under the name Satoshi Nakamoto.It was released as open-source software in 2009. The system is peer-to-peer, and transactions take place between users directly, without an intermediary. These transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. Since the system works without a central repository or single administrator, bitcoin is called the first decentralized digital currency. Besides being created as a reward for mining, bitcoin can be exchanged for other currencies, products, and services in legal or black markets. As of February 2015, over 100,000 merchants and vendors accepted bitcoin as payment. According to research produced by Cambridge University in 2017, there are 2.9 to 5.8 million unique users using a cryptocurrency wallet, most of them using bitcoin. 

 Project basic information  Issue Time：2015-07-30  Total Supply：-  Circulation ：118,443,751  White paper：https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/#ethereum-whitepaper  Website：https://ethereum.org/  Block Explorer：https://www.blockchain.com/explorer?view=eth  Project Introduction  Ethereum is a decentralized open-source blockchain system that features its own cryptocurrency, Ether. ETH works as a platform for numerous other cryptocurrencies, as well as for the execution of decentralized smart contracts.  Ethereum was first described in a 2013 whitepaper by Vitalik Buterin. Buterin, along with other co-founders, secured funding for the project in an online public crowd sale in the summer of 2014. The project team managed to raise $18.3 million in Bitcoin, and Ethereum’s price in the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) was $0.311, with over 60 million Ether sold. Taking Ethereum’s price now, puts the return on investment (ROI) at an annualized rate of over 270%, essentially almost quadrupling your investment every year since the summer of 2014.  The Ethereum Foundation officially launched the blockchain on July 30, 2015, under the prototype codenamed “Frontier.” Since then, there have been several network updates — “Constantinople” on Feb. 28, 2019, “Istanbul” on Dec. 8, 2019, “Muir Glacier” on Jan. 2, 2020, “Berlin” on April 14, 2021, and most recently on Aug. 5, 2021, the “London” hard fork.  Ethereum’s own purported goal is to become a global platform for decentralized applications, allowing users from all over the world to write and run software that is resistant to censorship, downtime, and fraud. 

 Project basic information  Issue Time：2012-09-01  Total Supply：100 000 000 000  Circulation：47 160 000 000  White paper: https://ripple.com/files/ripple_consensus_whitepaper.pdf  Website: https://ripple.com  Block Explorer: https://blockchair.com/ripple  Project Introduction  Ripple is a real-time gross settlement protocol, a currency exchange, and a money transfer system. The protocol supports tokens representing fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies, commodities, and/or other assets.  Ripple was created as an alternative payment method for the banking system, and not as an alternative to fiat money and the traditional banking system.  Ripple's main customers are banks using the current software solution for cross-border payments with the ability to track transfers in real-time. Ordinary users can also use Ripple's digital currency for mutual settlements.                   

 Project basic information  Issue Time：2017-08-01  Total Supply：21,000,000  Circulation ：18,908,225  White paper: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf  Website：https://bitcoincash.org/  Block Explorer: https://blockchair.com/  Project Introduction  Bitcoin Cash (BCH) was launched in August 2017 as a result of the Bitcoin (BTC) blockchain hard fork. A hard fork is, in fact, a blockchain divided into two parts, each of which becomes its own cryptocurrency with its own unique blockchain.  Unlike a soft fork, which is an update of the blockchain, where only one of the separable parts of the blockchain remains valid. Thus, when the fork happens, anyone who holds BTC will receive the same amount of BCH.  The formation of BCH occurred as a result of disagreements within the BTC community. Groups of BTC miners and developers were concerned about its scalability, and they were not sure about the blockchain's plans to adopt segregated witness (SegWit) technology.  These groups believed that although it was necessary (with the increasing size of the BTC network, the blockchain could barely cope with the increased transaction volumes), this proposed update did not correspond to the decentralized philosophy of Satoshi Nakamoto. As a result, they agreed that the only way to overcome the scalability problem is to increase the maximum block size.  Therefore, a hard fork was proposed in which the BTC blockchain will be divided into two parts. One of them will process more transactions at a faster rate than BTC. That's how BCH appeared.       

 Project basic information  Issue Time：2015-08-2015  Total Supply：50 001 802 549  Circulation：24 303 281 981  White paper: https://stellar.org/papers/stellar-consensus-protocol  Website：https://www.stellar.org/  Block Explorer: https://dashboard.stellar.org/  Project Introduction  Stellar is an open network that allows money to be moved and stored. When it was released in July 2014, one of its goals was boosting financial inclusion by reaching the world’s unbanked — but soon afterward, its priorities shifted to helping financial firms connect with one another through blockchain technology.  The network’s native token, lumens, serves as a bridge that makes it less expensive to trade assets across borders. All of this aims to challenge existing payment providers, who often charge high fees for a similar service.  Stellar is unique because every transaction costs just 0.00001 XLM. Given how one unit of this cryptocurrency only costs a few cents at the time of writing, this helps ensure that users keep more of their money.  Few blockchain projects have managed to secure partnerships with big-brand technology companies and fintech firms. A few years ago, Stellar and IBM teamed up to launch World Wire, a project that allowed large financial institutions to submit transactions to the Stellar network and transact using bridge assets such as stable coins.  Although other blockchains have community funds, meaning that grants can be given to projects that help further the ecosystem, Stellar allows its users to vote on which ventures should be given this support.       

 Project basic information  Issue Time：2011-10-12  Total Supply：84 000 000  Circulation：69 036 445  White paper：https://whitepaper.io/coin/litecoin  Website：https://litecoin.org/  Block Explorer：https://whitepaper.io/coin/litecoin  Project Introduction  Litecoin (LTC) is a cryptocurrency that was designed to provide fast, secure and low-cost payments by leveraging the unique properties of blockchain technology.  To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Litecoin.  The cryptocurrency was created based on the Bitcoin (BTC) protocol, but it differs in terms of the hashing algorithm used, hard cap, block transaction times and a few other factors. Litecoin has a block time of just 2.5 minutes and extremely low transaction fees, making it suitable for micro-transactions and point-of-sale payments.  Litecoin was released via an open-source client on GitHub on Oct. 7, 2011, and the Litecoin Network went live five days later on Oct. 13, 2011. Since then, it has exploded in both usage and acceptance among merchants and has counted among the top ten cryptocurrencies by market capitalization for most of its existence.  The cryptocurrency was created by Charlie Lee, a former Google employee, who intended Litecoin to be a "lite version of Bitcoin," in that it features many of the same properties as Bitcoin—albeit lighter in weight. 

 Project basic information  Issue Time：2018-02  Total Supply：270,000,000  Circulation ：60,907,500.00  White paper：https://whitepaper.axieinfinity.com/  Website：https://axieinfinity.com/  Block Explorer：https://etherscan.io/  Project Introduction  Axie Infinity is a blockchain-based trading and battling game that is partially owned and operated by its players.  To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into Axie Infinity.  Inspired by popular games like Pokémon and Tamagotchi, Axie Infinity allows players to collect, breed, raise battle, and trade token-based creatures known as Axies.  These Axies can take various forms, and there are more than 500 different body parts available, including aquatic, beast, bird, bug, plant and reptile parts. Parts from each type class come in four different rarity scales: common, rare, ultra-rare, and legendary — and Axies can have any combination of body parts, making them highly variable and often rare and unique.  Each Axie is a non-fungible token (NFT) with different attributes and strengths and can be entered into 3v3 battles, with the winning team earning more experience (exp) points that are used to level up an Axie's stats or evolve their body parts. These Axies can be bred together to produce new and unique offspring, which can be used or sold on the Axie marketplace.  The Axie Infinity ecosystem also has its own unique governance token, known as Axie Infinity Shards (AXS). These are used to participate in key governance votes and will give holders a say in how funds in the Axie Community Treasury are spent. 

 Project basic information  Issue Time：2016-10-27  Total Supply：21,000,000  Circulation：7,075,631  White paper：http://zerocash-project.org/media/pdf/zerocash-extended-20140518.pdf  Website：https://z.cash/  Block Explorer：https://explorer.zcha.in/  Project Introduction  Zcash is a cryptocurrency aimed at using cryptography to provide enhanced privacy for its users compared to other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.  Zcash is based on Bitcoin's codebase. It shares many similarities, such as a fixed total supply of 21 million units.  Transactions can be "transparent" and similar to bitcoin transactions in which case they are controlled by a t-addr, or they can be "shielded" and are controlled by a z-addr. A shielded transaction uses a type of zero-knowledge proof called zk-SNARKs, which provides anonymity to the coin holders in the transaction. Zcash coins are either in a transparent pool or a shielded pool. As of December 2017 only around 4% of Zcash coins were in the shielded pool and at that time most cryptocurrency wallet programs did not support z-addrs and no web-based wallets supported them. The shielded pool of Zcash coins was further analyzed for security and it was found that the anonymity set  can be shrunk considerably by heuristics-based identifiable patterns of usage.  Zcash affords private transactors the option of "selective disclosure", allowing a user to prove payment for auditing purposes. One such reason is to allow private transactors the choice to comply with anti-money laundering or tax regulations. "Transactions are auditable but disclosure is under the participant's control. The company has hosted virtual meetings with law enforcement agencies around the U.S. to explain these fundamentals and has gone on the record of saying that "they did not develop the currency to facilitate illegal activity".  While miners receive 80% of a block reward, 20% is given to the "Zcash development fund": 8% to Zcash Open Major Grants, 7% to Electric Coin Co., and 5% to The Zcash Foundation. 

 Project basic information  Issue Time：2018-06  Total Supply：100,000,000,000  Circulation ：65,800,000,000  White paper：https://tron.network/technical.html  Website：https://tron.network/enindex.html  Block Explorer：https://etherscan.io/token/0xf230b790e05390fc8295f4d3f60332c93bed42e2  Project Introduction  Tron is one of the largest blockchain-based operating systems in the world. TRON is an ambitious project dedicated to building the infrastructure for a truly decentralized Internet. The Tron Protocol, one of the largest blockchain-based operating systems in the world, offers scalable, high-availability, and high-throughput support that underlies all the decentralized applications in the TRON ecosystem. TRON Protocol and the TVM allow anyone to develop DAPPs for themselves or their communities, with smart contracts making decentralized crowdfunding and token issuance easier than ever. Tron DAPP projects already include Peiwo, Obike, Uplive, game.com, Kitty live, and Mico, with 100M+ active users from more than 100 countries and regions around the world.       

 Project basic information  Issue Time：2021-09-08  Total Supply：100,000,000  Circulation ：55,680,000  White paper：https://docs.dydx.exchange/  Website：https://dydx.exchange/  Block Explorer：https://etherscan.io/  Project Introduction  DYDX is a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange created on the Starkwale layer 2 networks of the Ethereum blockchain, which differs from the classic Uniswap and Sushiswap DEX platforms by a specific architecture of orders. The dYdX user has opened spot, futures, and margin trading in several dozen trading pairs.  DYDX is a governance token that allows the dYdX community to truly govern the dYdX Layer 2 Protocol. By enabling shared control of the protocol, DYDX allows traders, liquidity providers, and partners of dYdX to work collectively towards an enhanced Protocol.  DYDX enables a robust ecosystem around governance, rewards, and staking — each designed to drive future growth and decentralization of dYdX, resulting in a better experience for users. 